Reading challenge 4 VERY LONG DIVISION

VOCABULARY:

• ENCIRCLED

Pronunciation: \in-'ser-kel, en-\
Function: transitive verb

to form a circle around : surround

to pass completely around

• ONRUSH

Pronunciation: \-,resh\

Function: noun

a rushing forward or onward

• FENCE

Pronunciation: \'fen(t)s\
Function: noun

archaic : a means of protection : defense

a barrier intended to prevent escape or intrusion or to mark a boundary especially : such a barrier made of posts and wire or boards

• SOLDIERS

Pronunciation: \'sōl-jer\

Function: noun

a militant leader, follower, or worker

a: one engaged in military service and especially in the army b: an enlisted man or woman c: a skilled warrior

• SURVEILLANCE

Pronunciation: \ser-'vā-len(t)s also -'vāl-yen(t)s or -'vā-en(t)s\
Function: noun

close watch kept over someone or something

• SNIPE

Pronunciation: \'snīp\
Function: noun

or plural snipe : any of various usually slender-billed birds of the sandpiper family

a contemptible person

• GATE

Pronunciation: \'gāt\
Function: noun

an opening in a wall or fence

a city or castle entrance often with defensive structures

• FEAR

Pronunciation: \'fir\
Function: verb

archaic : frighten

archaic : to feel fear in

to have a reverential awe of

• SETTLEMENTS

Pronunciation: \'se-tel-ment\
Function: noun

the act or process of settling

a: an act of bestowing or giving possession under legal sanction b: the sum, estate, or income secured to one by such a settlement

an agreement composing differences

payment or adjustment of an account

• BOUNDARY

Pronunciation: \'baun-d(e-)rē\
Function: noun

something that indicates or fixes a limit or extent

Reading challenge 3 PLEASE PASS THE SUGAR

VOCABULARY:

• PLACEBO

Pronunciation: \ple-'sē-(,)bō\
Function: noun

1. a usually pharmacologically inert preparation prescribed more for the mental relief of the patient than for its actual effect on a disorder

an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance

1. something tending to soothe

• KNEE

Pronunciation:\'nē\

Function: noun

a joint in the middle part of the human leg that is the articulation between the femur, tibia, and patella ; also : the part of the leg that includes this joint

something resembling the human knee

the part of a garment covering the knee

blow with the bent knee

• SHARP

Pronunciation: \'shärp\

Function: adjective

adapted to cutting or piercing: as a: having a thin keen edge or fine point b: briskly or bitingly cold

keen in intellect, keen in perception, keen in attention

affecting the senses or sense organs intensely

• FAILURE

Pronunciation: \'fāl-yer\
Function: noun

omission of occurrence or performance

a state of inability to perform a normal function

lack of success

a falling short

one that has failed

• ALTOGETHER

Pronunciation: \,ol-te-'ge-ther\

Function: adverb

in all : all told

on the whole

• ATTACKS

Pronunciation: \e-'tak\

Function: verb

to set upon or work against forcefully

to assail with unfriendly or bitter words

to begin to affect or to act on injuriously

Reading challenge 2 BIG CHILL

VOCABULARY:

• HOLE

Pronunciation: \'hōl\
Function: noun

an opening through something

an area where something is missing

a serious discrepancy

an opening in a defensive formation

A hollowed-out place

a wretched or dreary place

an awkward position or circumstance

• SHROUDED

Pronunciation: shroud Function: verb

archaic: to cover for protection

to cut off from view

to dress for burial

• ASH

Pronunciation: \'ash\
Function: noun

any of a genus of trees of the olive family with pinnate leaves, thin furrowed bark, and gray branchlets

the tough elastic wood of an ash

the ligature æ used in Old English and some phonetic alphabets to represent a low front vowel

• BOTTLENECK

Pronunciation: \'bä-tel-,nek\

Function: adjective

narrow

• ROUGHLY

Pronunciation: \'re-flē\ Function: adverb

in a rough manner: as with harshness or violence or in crude fashion

without completeness or exactness

• AMBROSE

Pronunciation: \'am-,brōz\

Function: biographical name

• ENGAGED

Pronunciation: \in-'gājd, en-\

Function: adjective

involved in activity

pledged to be married

greatly interested

involved especially in a hostile encounter

partly embedded in a wall

being in gear

Reading challenge 1 MONKEY SEE, MONKEY RECOGNIZE

VOCABULARY:

• SQUEAK

Pronunciation: \'skwēk\
Function: Verb

to utter or make a short shrill cry or noise

to pass, succeed, or win by a narrow margin

• SHAVING

Pronunciation: shaving
Function: noun

the act of one that shaves

something shaved off

• MIRROR

Pronunciation: \'mir-er, mi-rer\
Function: noun

polished or smooth surface (as of glass) that forms images by reflection

something that gives a true representation

• SELF-AWARENESS:

Pronunciation: self–aware·ness
Function: noun

an awareness of one's own personality or individuality

• BRIGHTLY:

Pronunciation: \'brīt\
Function:adjective

radiating or reflecting light

of high saturation or lightness

synonyms bright , brilliant , radiant , luminous , lustrous mean shining or glowing with light

PRACTICE OF PRONUNCIATION

NOUN

• Decrease
• Economic
• Education
• Improvement
• Increase
• Unemployment

VERB

• To decrease
• ----------
• To educate
• To improve
• To increase
• ----------

ADJECTIVE

• Decreased / decreasing
• Economic / economical
• Educational
• Improving / improved
• Increasing / increased
• Unemployed

Examples:

• Unemployment rate has decreased in the last years.
• Math class strategies happen to be very educational.
• Economy in Colombia has decreased in the last years.
• The class participation decrease is evident.

VISUAL POLLUTION (Problem / Solution Essay)

The pollution in general is a problem that day by day is affect the world with more intensity, but the visual pollution is a problem that has been detected since time back and it is for that reason that the citizens of the world should be conscious and guide in that aspect to take measures for the solution of this problem.

First of all, the big cities have become territories occupied by public institutions and big companies that have rushed to a constant fight to position their image in the market by means of excess of advertising warnings without caring to pass above the other one, the overload of visual stimuli unlimited life has deteriorated significantly in urban areas. For this reason, it is important and necessary that the government plans and decrees environmental policies to avoid excess publicity in the urban world.

Secondly, the visual pollution is exposed in graffiti, murals, posters and general advertising, this visual pollution contains soil elements that the visual spectrum of many drivers, and this problem has resulted in terrible traffic accident. For this reason, we recommend that contractors do advertising in a much lower and that further publicity factories using organic materials with the goal of reducing the level of accidents in the city.

Finally, the visual pollution is caused by many factors which are harmful and that have caused a social danger, for example: excessive advertising on the streets, exaggerated advertising TV programs, new buildings that distort the natural landscape and scavengers that destroy the countryside and the image of the city. Therefore, this problem affects our mental and physical health. On the other hand, there is presence of environmental problems that allow human life and animal away from its natural environment.

There are many roads that lead to the solution of this problem. First, the government must train or create campaigns with cultural training assistance from the Ministry of Environment for companies to educate their employees and also to maintain environmental policies in generating publicity and implementation of brand in the competitive market. Second, it is important to set an example by our behavior and our individual education to the environment.

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF THE VISUAL POLLUTION

PROBLEMS

1. Disorder of architecture


2. Saturation and danger for the pedestrians and drivers


3. Alteration of facade


4. Litter


5. Danger of distraction

SOLUTIONS

1. Build more natural parks


2. Avoid the building and the excess of publication advertising


3. Is important that all house or news building not have alteration of facade the zone and or city in general


4. Organize and make campaigns environmental problems policies that permit that turist arrive to this city.


5. Avoid the excess of color in publication and the movement of some fences.

VISUAL POLLUTION (Internet)

Visual pollution is an aesthetic issue, referring to the impacts of pollution that impair one's ability to enjoy a vista or view. The term is used broadly to cover visibility, limits on the ability to view distant objects, as well as the more subjective issue of visual clutter, structures that intrude upon otherwise "pretty" scenes, as well as graffiti and other visual defacement.

Visibility is a measure of how far and how well people can see into the distance. Haze obscures visibility. It is caused when light is absorbed or scattered by pollution particles such as sulfates, nitrates, organic carbon compounds, soot, and soil dust. Nitrogen dioxide and other pollution gases also contribute to haze. Haze increases with summer humidity because sulfate and other particles absorb moisture and increase in size. The larger the particles, the more light they scatter.

Sensitivity to visual pollution has led utility companies to bury power and telephone lines in some communities. The latest fight against visual pollution centers on cell towers, needed to provide cellular telephone service. One solution has been to disguise cell towers as trees or cacti. Graffiti, spray-painted names and messages, are a form of urban visual blight. Attempts to curb graffiti by banning the sale of spray paint to minors have had little effect.

Bibliography:

• Gudis, Catherine (2003). Buyways: Automobility, Billboards and the American Cultural Landscape. New York: Routledge.



• http://www.pollutionissues.com/Ve-Z/Visual-Pollution.html

Visual Pollution (Internet)

Visual pollution is the term given to unattractive or unnatural (human-made) visual elements of a vista, a landscape, or any other thing that a person might not want to look at. Visual pollution is an aesthetic issue, referring to the impacts of pollution that impair one's ability to enjoy a vista or view. The term is used broadly to cover visibility, limits on the ability to view distant objects, as well as the more subjective issue of visual clutter, structures that intrude upon otherwise "pretty" scenes, as well as graffiti and other visual defacement.Commonly cited examples are advertisements, billboards, houses, automobiles, traffic signs, roadsigns, highways, roadways, litter, graffiti, overhead powerlines, utility poles, contrails, skywriting, buildings and weeds.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_pollution

WRITING QUIZ TOPIC 4

Technology is the revolution of the 21st century; many people think that modern technology like Internet is an easy way to find information. But, is this true? In our opinion Internet is an excellent task to do an investigation, however, Internet does not replace book. To begin with, Internet has a lot of false information. On the other hand, there are many texts that are summarized.

First, there is a lot of false information in Internet, because all people can put their information that is not controlled by people who have knowledge. For example, “El rincon del vago” is a page about academic texts, and all can download whatever they want, so you have to analyze the information you need.

Secondly, Internet has texts that one very simple and short summarized. There are million of pieces of information that sometimes they do not show their topics totally. In fact, going to library is a better way to find the real and true information, with the name of the writers and stuff like that.

To sum up, the books are the best task to find the knowledge of many years ago, and Internet is just a complement to receive some information but Internet will never replace books.

Independent Work No 10

CORRECTION THE LISTEN QUIZ

A: Questions 1-6 No spelling mistake will be accepted listen to the conversation and fill in the gaps.

Todd: Al, are you a big movie fan (1)?
Al: Yes, I am
Todd: What do you think of the amazing technological special (2) effects (3) that they are doing now?
Al: I think it's going to lead to a point where you don't need actors (4) any more
Todd: I mean, ho could they do (5) that though?

B: Questions 7-10 No spelling mistakes will be accepted. Listen and complete the table below with words taken from the audio.



You’ll be able to completely create a believable character (7)

So, you’re saying in the future they will just write a story (8) and just like animation (9)...

Actors (10) will be only important for reference. Directors…



SECOND EXERCISE LISTEN

Michael: All right, so Simon do you have a favorite movie (1)?

Simon: Again, that’s a difficult (2) question. I think my favorite one is Lord of the Rings (3).

Michael: How about you?

Simon: Oh I liked (4) it as well and I read the book when I was in high school…the book was fantastic (5)

Michael: Yeah! That’s true! A lot of adaptations are really quite terrible (6).


B. Questions 7 - 10 No spelling mistakes will be accepted
Listen and complete the table below with words taken from the audio.


Your favorite is a trilogy and my favorite is a trilogy too, that’s the Godfather trilogy (7)

Oh, you liked the second one (8)

That’s surprising (9)

I think Michael Corleone is a tragic (10) hero

Independent Work No 5

1. How often do you do the things in the "take" part of the diagram?

I have a shower every day. I don't have a break
In ocations,I have a coffe with instacrem all the mornigs in my work

2. What time do you have the things in the "eat and drinks" section.

A. I have my lunch at 3 o'clock everyday

3. Which of the illnesses and injuries have you had?

A. Really I don't have with often illnesses.

4. which of the things in the "possess" part of the diagram have you got?

A. I don't have a new car, but I have the hope that after of the short time, I have a new car

Independent Work No 4

Listen to tapescript 1.6, exercise on page 12 and practice the strategies explained in class today

Complete the gaps to make phrases with have. Then listen and check.

a. In some countries it's common to have a lunch at twelve o'clock, but we usually eat around two.

b. A: I can't find my socks anywhere, Mum!
B: Have a look in the basket by the washing machine.

c. I've got a terrible headhade Is there any aspirin?

d. James really makes me laugh. He's really got a great sense of humor

e. I'm afraid we're got a serious problem. We're run out of petrol.

f. I was tired after walking so far, so I stopped to have a rest.

g. I've got a very large family -five brothers and three sisters!

ROSARIO TIJERAS

Rosario Tijeras is a book about the really situation of our country. Violence, narcotrafic, drug addiction, sexual abuse and poverty are the principal themes of the book written by Jorge Franco.

The story concerns about a girl named Rosario who lives in the comunas of Medellin, located in the rural sides. Rosario had to suffer sexual abuse from his stepfather, so she decided to change her life going away from her house and dedicating her time to prostitution and narcotrafic.

Nacotrafic is a theme that involves all social classes, from high class to low class. It has infected politicians, peasants, workers and people that had moral and ethic values, but ambition, avarice and greed stand over them. However the poverty has been a reason why narcotrafic and violence are influential in many parts of our society because its a way to get easy money.

Regarding this issue, I think that this is not the best way of getting money. There are other means to have money. For example, to have a profession and work in a national or international company, helping other people. This will allow you to grow personally and professionaly.

The book is filled with suspense, drama and action, it is a classic study of war, violence, narcotrafic and sexual abuse. On the other hand, this situation has its duality, because in one way narcotraffic helped to elevate Colombian economy but on the other hand, it destroys Colombian image before other countries.

I thoroughly recommend this book. If you like excitement, it will definitely keep reading this book for long time.

Video Rosario Tijeras

INDEPENDENT WORK No 6 My Birthday

INDEPENDENT WORK No.2

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Firstm Conditional Sentences

They/offer me the job/take it

• If they offer me the job, I'll take it

we/no leave now/be late

• If we don't leave now, we'll be late

Complete the sentences using the Present Simple Passive

• Glass is made (make) from sand
• John is not invited (not invite) to parties very often
• The shop is closed (close) for lunch every day

Complete the sentences with "a", "an", "the", or leave the space blank if necessary.

• I had a sandwich and a banana for lunch but the sandwich was awful!
• Listening to ______music helps me relax
• Simon is looking for a job in publishing

Complete the sentences with prepositions from the box

• I'd like to get a dog but it depends on the size of our new flat
• It's amazing how much we spend on dog food each week
• Marcus often listens to the new on Capital Radio in the morning

Rewrite these sentences in the Past Simple Passive

• The police arrested more than fifty people. More Than fifty people were arrested for the police
• They opened the store at exactly 9 a.m. The store was opened at exactly 9 a.m.

Put one verb in brackets in the Past Simple and one verb in the Past Perfect

• When I arrived (arrive) at the airport, I realised I had missed (miss) my plane
• As soon as I closed (close) the door, I remembered I had leaved (leave) my keys inside

Make Second Conditional sentences by putting the verbs into the correct form

• If I had (have) some money, I would buy (buy) this CD
• My job would be (be) much easier if I spoken (speak) Spanish

Complete each sentence with the correct word.

• Why do you always ARGUE with your brother? Can't you agree about anything?
• I'm taking the children swimming this afternoon as a REWARD for being good
• Can I BORROW your car for the afternoon? I'll bring it back around 6 p.m.
• I think the government should increase the TAXES on cigarettes. it might stop some people from smoking